This course provides a detailed introduction to ophthalmology and the neuro-visual system, combining core eye physiology with neurological pathways involved in vision. It is designed for medical students and healthcare learners who want to understand how the visual system works from the eye to the brain.

The course begins with ophthalmology fundamentals, including common conditions such as glaucoma, cataracts, refractive errors like myopia and hypermetropia, and their basic pharmacological and clinical management.

It then explores the anatomy and physiology of the eye, focusing on the retina, photoreceptors (rods and cones), and how light is converted into neural signals. Learners will also study optical principles such as reflection, refraction, and lens function.

A major section covers the neuro-visual pathway, explaining how visual information travels from the retina through the optic nerve (cranial nerve II), optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, and finally to the visual cortex.

The course also integrates neuroanatomy basics and explains how lesions in different parts of the pathway lead to specific visual field defects.

By the end of this course, learners will have a strong understanding of both eye physiology and neuro-ophthalmology, essential for clinical practice and medical exams.